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Применение фаготерапии в лечении ожоговых больных (обзор)

Применение фаготерапии в лечении ожоговых больных (обзор)

А.Е. Леонтьев, И.В. Павленко, О.В. Ковалишена, Н.В. Саперкин, А.А. Тулупов, В.В. Бесчастнов
Ключевые слова: ожоги; микрофлора ожоговых ран; антибиотикорезистентность; MDR-микроорганизмы; бактериофаги; фаготерапия при ожогах.
2020, том 12, номер 3, стр. 95.

Полный текст статьи

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После выхода больного из состояния ожогового шока ведущей проблемой, замедляющей процессы выздоровления и являющейся основной причиной летального исхода, по праву считаются местные инфекционные осложнения. После нарушения целостности кожного покрова микроорганизмы беспрепятственно проникают во внутреннюю среду макроорганизма, вызывая развитие септического состояния с полиорганной недостаточностью. Широкое и зачастую бесконтрольное применение антибактериальных препаратов в лечебной практике приводит к появлению у микроорганизмов множественной лекарственной устойчивости (multiple drug resistance — MDR).

В последнее время все большее значение приобретает введение в практическую деятельность препаратов, изготовленных на основе бактериофагов. Это подтверждается ростом интереса к данной области фармакологии, разработкой специальных программ, направленных на изучение процессов взаимодействия фага с бактериальной клеткой.

В обзоре представлены основные виды бактерий, отнесенных к группе MDR-патогенов, факторы риска заражения пациентов. Демонстрируются механизмы избирательного действия частиц фага на бактериальную клетку, возможности применения фаготерапии в лечении ожоговой травмы (экспериментальные и клинические данные), раскрываются новые положительные свойства фагов, связанные с изменениями в иммунном статусе макроорганизма при взаимодействии с частицами бактериофагов.

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