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Особенности глазодвигательных реакций как маркеры нарушений когнитивного контроля у пациентов с обсессивно-компульсивным расстройством (обзор)

Особенности глазодвигательных реакций как маркеры нарушений когнитивного контроля у пациентов с обсессивно-компульсивным расстройством (обзор)

Г.М. Хайруллина, В.В. Моисеева, О.В. Мартынова
Ключевые слова: обсессивно-компульсивное расстройство; когнитивный контроль; избирательное внимание; тормозной контроль; рабочая память; движения глаз; окулография; айтрекинг.
2022, том 14, номер 2, стр. 80.

Полный текст статьи

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На основании многочисленных исследований у пациентов с обсессивно-компульсивным расстройством (ОКР) выявлено ухудшение избирательного внимания, тормозного контроля и рабочей памяти, что коррелирует с дисбалансом в активности кортико-стриарно-таламо-кортикальной цепи, связанной с поддержанием функций когнитивного контроля. Как следствие возможного нарушения нейрофизиологических основ когнитивного контроля, у пациентов с ОКР часто проявляются изменения параметров целенаправленных глазодвигательных реакций. В настоящем обзоре обобщены и проанализированы данные о нарушениях когнитивного контроля при ОКР, полученные при помощи методов регистрации движений глаз.

Установлено, что наиболее часто используются задачи на медленные прослеживающие движения, саккады по памяти и антисаккадические задачи. Данные по задачам на медленные прослеживающие движения глаз и на саккады по памяти противоречивы, хотя отчасти подтверждают ухудшение избирательного внимания и рабочей памяти. В большинстве исследований по антисаккадической задаче выявлены нарушения функции тормозного контроля у пациентов с ОКР. Схожие нарушения, выражающиеся в увеличенной латентности и большей частоте ошибок в антисаккадах, были отмечены и у родственников пациентов первой степени родства, что позволяет рассматривать такие нарушения как проявления эндофенотипа, связанного с предрасположенностью к ОКР. Подтверждение этих результатов в экспериментах с использованием сложных антисаккадических задач с применением изображений различной модальности (с учетом наличия повышенной тревожности у пациентов с ОКР как основы заболевания) в перспективе может способствовать валидации специфичных маркеров ОКР.

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Khayrullina G.M., Moiseeva V.V., Martynova O.V. Specific Aspects of Eye Movement Reactions as Markers of Cognitive Control Disorders in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Review). Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 2022; 14(2): 80, https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2022.14.2.08


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