Молекула повреждения почек 1 (KIM-1): многофункциональный гликопротеин и биологический маркер (обзор)

KIM-1 (молекула повреждения почек 1) — трансмембранный гликопротеин, известный также как HAVcr-1 и TIM-1, принадлежит к семейству белков T-сеll immunoglobulin domen mucin domen family (TIM). Гликопротеины TIM представлены на иммунных клетках и участвуют в регуляции иммунных реакций. KIM-1 отличается от других членов своего семейства тем, что экспрессируется не только иммунокомпетентными клетками, но и клетками эпителия. Опосредованные KIM-1 клеточные и гуморальные эффекты вовлечены в самые разнообразные физиологические и патофизиологические процессы в организме.

В настоящем обзоре представлено современное понимание механизмов, которые определяют участие KIM-1 в вирусной инвазии, в регуляции иммунного ответа, в адаптивных реакциях эпителия почки на острое ишемическое или токсическое повреждение, в прогрессировании хронических почечных заболеваний и развитии рака почки. Проанализированы данные клинических исследований, демонстрирующие связь экспрессии KIM-1 с вирусными заболеваниями и иммунными нарушениями. Рассмотрены предполагаемые аспекты использования KIM-1 в качестве уринологического или серологического маркера при почечных и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях.

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