Тренды популяционных исследований: молекулярная и цифровая эпидемиология (обзор)

В последнее десятилетие развитие высокопроизводительных технологий привело к резкому увеличению возможностей изучения организма на молекулярном, клеточном и организменном уровнях. Быстрый прогресс биотехнологий стал причиной смены парадигмы в популяционных исследованиях. Достижения современных биомедицинских наук, включая геномные, полногеномные, постгеномные исследования и биоинформатику, способствовали появлению молекулярной эпидемиологии, принцип которой заключается в изучении персонализированного молекулярного механизма развития заболеваний и его экстраполяции на уровень популяции. Работа научных групп на стыке информационных технологий и медицины стала основанием для выделения цифровой эпидемиологии, важными инструментами которой являются машинное обучение, возможность работы с реальными данными (real world data, RWD) и накопленные большие данные.

Разрабатываемые подходы позволяют ускорить процесс сбора и обработки биомедицинских данных, проверку новых научных гипотез. Однако новые методы находятся пока на стадии становления, требуют проверки применения в различных условиях, а также стандартизации. Данный обзор освещает роль омиксных и цифровых технологий в проведении популяционных исследований.

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