Current Trends in the Development of Materials for Bone Grafting and Spinal Fusion (Review)

The review addresses the currently used materials for spinal stabilization surgery by spinal fusion. Among them: autografts; allo- and xenografts; materials of synthetic and biological origin; growth factors; multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells; grafts made by 3D modeling. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of these materials as reported in the literature; with this analysis, we hope to stimulate further research into the graft biocompatibility and biointegration, especially into the issue of reparative regeneration and graft transformation into the bone tissue.

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