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Применение опто- и хемогенетических методов для изучения двигательных нарушений при болезни Паркинсона (обзор)

Применение опто- и хемогенетических методов для изучения двигательных нарушений при болезни Паркинсона (обзор)

Н.И. Новиков, Е.С. Бражник, В.Ф. Кичигина
Ключевые слова: болезнь Паркинсона; двигательные нарушения; базальные ганглии; дофамин; светочувствительные ионные каналы; модифицированные G-протеинзависимые рецепторы.
2019, том 11, номер 2, стр. 150.

Полный текст статьи

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Развитие генетики привело с созданию новых исследовательских методов — опто- и хемогенетических, которые позволяют избирательно и неинвазивно с помощью светочувствительных опсинов или модифицированных G-протеинзависимых рецепторов регулировать функцию нейронных сетей. Эти методы быстро нашли применение во многих направлениях науки о мозге, в частности в изучении процессов обучения и памяти, принятия решений и целенаправленного поведения. Светочувствительные опсины и DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) позволяют управлять активностью отдельных нейронов и структур мозга, устанавливать степень их участия в специфических функциях нейронных сетей как в норме, так и при патологических состояниях — депрессии, зависимости от лекарств и наркотиков, нейродегенеративных заболеваниях, хронической боли.

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